English Grammar · Episode 2 · Parts of Speech
Pick the English-only version or the Hindi version (English lesson with Hindi meanings) above; the video keeps your place when you switch.
In teaching order, as in the video.
before a noun
Comes before a noun to show which, whose or how much
निर्धारक: संज्ञा से पहले आकर उसे निश्चित करने वाला शब्द
Examples
The bus is late again.
Some students stayed back after class.
Remember: A determiner points to the noun that follows it.
a, an, the
A or an for any one; the for a known one
आर्टिकल: a, an और the
Examples
I bought a new bag.
The bag is in the car.
Common mistake
She is a honest girl.
She is an honest girl.
Honest starts with a vowel sound, so use an.
Remember: A or an: listen to the first sound of the next word.
this, that, these, those
Point to a noun: near (this, these) or far (that, those)
संकेतवाचक: पास या दूर की चीज़ की ओर इशारा करने वाले शब्द
Examples
This phone is mine; that one is Ravi's.
These mangoes are sweeter than those.
Common mistake
This shoes are too tight.
These shoes are too tight.
Use these, not this, with a plural noun.
Remember: This and that for one; these and those for more.
whose?
Show who owns the noun: my, your, his, her, our
स्वामित्व-सूचक: मेरा, तुम्हारा, उसका जैसे शब्द
Examples
My brother plays the tabla.
Is this your umbrella?
Common mistake
The dog wagged it's tail.
The dog wagged its tail.
Its shows the owner; it's means it is.
Remember: Its has no apostrophe when it shows an owner.
how many, how much
Tell how many or how much: some, many, two, first
परिमाणवाचक: कितना या कितने बताने वाले शब्द
Examples
Many people came to the mela.
She drinks two glasses of milk a day.
Common mistake
There is many water in the tank.
There is a lot of water in the tank.
Water is not counted, so not many.
Remember: Many for things you count; much for things you don't.
asking and sharing
Which and whose ask; each and every take one by one
प्रश्नवाचक और वितरणवाचक: which, each, every जैसे शब्द
Examples
Which train goes to Pune?
Each student gets one certificate.
Common mistake
Every students passed the test.
Every student passed the test.
Each and every take a singular noun.
Remember: Each and every look at one at a time, so the noun is singular.
context decides
The same word can be a noun, a verb or an adjective
एक शब्द, कई काम: संदर्भ से शब्द-भेद बदलता है
Examples
Please water the plants: water is a verb here.
I need some water: water is a noun here.
Remember: Don't learn a word's part of speech by heart; check its job.
new words or not
Nouns and verbs gain new words; prepositions don't
खुले और बंद वर्ग: कुछ वर्गों में नए शब्द आते हैं, कुछ में नहीं
Examples
Selfie and podcast are new nouns.
English rarely gets a new preposition or pronoun.
Remember: New words join nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs.