Universal Core Vocabulary · Episode 5
Pick the English-only version or the Hindi version (English lesson with Hindi meanings) above; the video keeps your place when you switch.
Below in teaching order, as in the video: related words sit side by side so you can compare them.
a judgement of value, size or worth; an opinion
अनुमान, आकलन; राय
Usage
In my estimation, the work will take a month.
She rose in her teacher's estimation after the debate.
Common mistake
The builder sent an estimation for the repairs.
The builder sent an estimate for the repairs.
A price quote is an estimate; estimation is judging, or an opinion.
Remember: Estimation = your judgement of it.
allowing two-way communication or action
संवादात्मक, परस्पर क्रियात्मक
Usage
Interactive lessons let students ask questions instantly.
The museum has an interactive map of the city.
Common mistake
The class was very interacting today.
The class was very interactive today.
Use the adjective interactive; interacting is a verb form.
Remember: Interactive = it talks back.
the process of making something allowed by law
वैधीकरण
Usage
Some countries are debating the legalization of online betting.
The legalization of the street market gave vendors licences.
Common mistake
The council legalizationed the street market.
The council legalized the street market.
The verb is legalize; legalization is the noun.
Remember: Legalization = making it legal.
a magazine or journal published at regular times
पत्रिका, आवधिक पत्र
Usage
The library subscribes to several science periodicals.
She writes for a monthly periodical on education.
Common mistake
The machines are checked periodical.
The machines are checked periodically.
To say how often, use the adverb periodically.
Remember: Periodical = it comes out regularly.
the act of taking something away
हटाना, निष्कासन
Usage
The removal of the old trees made room for a park.
He needed surgery for the removal of a kidney stone.
Common mistake
The remove of the stall took an hour.
The removal of the stall took an hour.
Remove is the verb; the noun is removal.
Remember: Removal = taking it away.
far away from, or very different from, something
दूर, अलग
Usage
His ideas are far removed from reality.
The quiet village feels far removed from city life.
Common mistake
His story was far removing from the truth.
His story was far removed from the truth.
The fixed phrase is far removed from: very different from.
Remember: Far removed = a world away.
a detailed description of how something must be made
विनिर्देश, विवरण
Usage
The bridge was built to exact specifications.
Check the phone's specifications before you buy it.
Common mistake
The laptop's specifies are impressive.
The laptop's specifications are impressive.
Specify is the verb; the details are specifications, or specs.
Remember: Specification = the exact details required.
an extra item that goes with clothes or a device
सहायक वस्तु, साज-सामान
Usage
She wore a silver necklace as an accessory.
The shop sells phone accessories like covers and chargers.
Common mistake
The store sells mobile accessorys.
The store sells mobile accessories.
After a consonant, -y becomes -ies in the plural.
Remember: Accessory = the extra that completes it.
to stop happening or doing something (formal)
बंद करना, समाप्त होना
Usage
The factory ceased production last year.
The rain finally ceased in the evening.
Common mistake
Police ceased the illegal goods.
Police seized the illegal goods.
Cease means stop; seize means take by force. They sound alike.
Remember: Cease = stop.
a person who is not in the army or police
नागरिक, असैनिक
Usage
Soldiers must protect civilians during a conflict.
After the army, he returned to civilian life.
Common mistake
Every civilian of India can vote at 18.
Every citizen of India can vote at 18.
A citizen belongs to a country; a civilian is not in the armed forces.
Remember: Civilian = not in uniform.