Universal Core Vocabulary · Episode 1
Pick the English-only version or the Hindi version (English lesson with Hindi meanings) above; the video keeps your place when you switch.
Below in teaching order, as in the video: related words sit side by side so you can compare them.
to form or make up something
गठित करना, बनाना
Usage
Women constitute nearly half of the workforce here.
Such remarks may constitute a breach of the rules.
Common mistake
The committee constitutes of five members.
The committee consists of five members.
Parts constitute a whole; a whole consists of parts.
Remember: The parts constitute the whole.
the basic laws that set out how a country is run
संविधान
Usage
India adopted its Constitution on 26 November 1949.
Free speech is protected under the constitution.
Common mistake
Parliament made a new constitution on traffic fines.
Parliament passed a new law on traffic fines.
A constitution is a country's basic law, not an everyday rule.
Remember: Constitution = the country's rulebook.
taking part in an activity or event
भागीदारी, संलिप्तता
Usage
Parents' involvement helps children do well at school.
He denied any involvement in the scam.
Common mistake
We need more involvement on this project.
We need more involvement in this project.
We say involvement in something, not on it.
Remember: Involvement = being part of it.
setting up an organisation, or the organisation itself
स्थापना; संस्थान
Usage
The establishment of the new bank took two years.
Food establishments must display a hygiene rating.
Common mistake
He made the establishment of a new company.
He established a new company.
Use the verb establish; the noun form here is wordy and unnatural.
Remember: Establish it, and you have an establishment.
working properly; made to be useful
कार्यात्मक, काम करने योग्य
Usage
The new hospital is now fully functional.
The office furniture is simple and functional.
Common mistake
The machine is functional properly now.
The machine is functioning properly now.
Functional is an adjective; with properly, use the verb function.
Remember: Functional = it works.
laws, or the process of making laws
विधान, क़ानून
Usage
Parliament passed new legislation on data privacy.
The legislation comes into force next year.
Common mistake
The government passed three new legislations.
The government passed three new laws.
Legislation is uncountable: say laws, or pieces of legislation.
Remember: Legislation never takes an s.
the group of people who make a country's laws
विधायिका
Usage
Parliament is India's national legislature.
Each state has its own legislature.
Common mistake
The legislature was passed after a long debate.
The legislation was passed after a long debate.
A legislature makes laws; legislation is the laws it makes.
Remember: Legislature = the lawmakers.
the money received from selling something or an event
आय, प्राप्त राशि
Usage
All proceeds from the concert go to charity.
She used the proceeds of the sale to buy a flat.
Common mistake
The proceed of the sale was donated.
The proceeds of the sale were donated.
Meaning money, proceeds is always plural and takes a plural verb.
Remember: Proceeds = the money it brings in.
dealing with data, papers or materials in set steps
प्रसंस्करण, कार्यवाही
Usage
Visa processing usually takes about two weeks.
India has a large food processing industry.
Common mistake
Your application is under process.
Your application is being processed.
Under process is not standard English; say being processed.
Remember: Processing = going through the steps.
a gentle feeling of love and liking
स्नेह, प्यार
Usage
She has great affection for her grandparents.
Dogs show affection in many ways.
Common mistake
He has a lot of affection on his students.
He has a lot of affection for his students.
We feel affection for someone, not on them.
Remember: Affection = warm, gentle love.